The northern Flinders Ranges were opened up by pastoralists from about 1850 onwards; mineral discoveries date from about 1860 in the Mount Painter Province. The region has been one of desultory mining activities since that date, principally for copper, but with uranium recorded at Mount Painter in about 1910. There was renewed interest in uranium in 1944, but Government work at that time failed to establish economic deposits. The search by private industry begun in 1959 is still in progress. Geological investigation prior to 1945 was limited by the inaccessibility of the region. Since that time, and especially since 1955, systematic geological studies have been carried out, together with an appraisal and some testing of the old mines. The present report is the outcome of intensive studies over the past I) years. In Part 1, the regional geology is described by Coats; in Part 2, the mineral resources of the area in considerable detail. The report, together with the geological maps of the Mount Painter Province and the earlier issued I-mile maps. Crystalline basement rocks of the Mount Painter Province are exposed in two separate blocks, the largely granitic Mount Babbage Block and the essentially metasedimentary Mount Painter Block. The crystalline rocks (Mount Painter Complex) comprise a thick, predominantly arenaceous sequence of unknown age, and intrusive alkali granites dated as Carpentarian. The Mount Painter Complex was strongly folded prior to deposition of the Adelaide System.