Today's landscape in the eastern Musgrave Province, South Australia, comprises vast alluvial and sand plains, aeolian dunes and dunefields. These features formed as a result of episodes of variable alluvial and aeolian activity following the onset of aridity in the Quaternary. However, there have been no geochronological studies in this region with which to understand and reconstruct the transported regolith material dispersion and landscape evolution during the Quaternary. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was used for the first time in this region to develop a chronology of aeolian landform feature growth and sand plain deposition. This report presents OSL geochronology results from 12 samples collected in the Agnes Creek 1:100 000 map sheet area. These provide the first geochronological constraints for Quaternary deposits in the area. OSL ages of the collected samples range from 24.1 ± 1.5 ka to 64.8 ± 2.7 ka, and show that these deposits formed in the Late Pleistocene. The oldest OSL age for an aeolian deposit in the study area is 62.8 ± 2.5 ka, indicating that prior to 63 ka the area was dominated by extensive sand plains with no or minor isolated dunes. Therefore, major dune development in the eastern Musgrave Province post-dates 63 ka.