The deformed metasediments of the South Australian Willyama Inliers (in the southern Curnamona geological province) preserve petrologic evidence of a complex and protracted metamorphic history. To assist with unravelling this history, there...
The deformed metasediments of the South Australian Willyama Inliers (in the southern Curnamona geological province) preserve petrologic evidence of a complex and protracted metamorphic history. To assist with unravelling this history, there currently exist in numerous formats petrographic and petrologic data which have been compiled from the South Australian Willyama Inliers (SAWI). The sources of these data include thin sections, petrographic reports, annotated air photos, academic theses, research articles, and petrographic databases. The subject investigation has shown that some of these data have important implications for constraining models of the metamorphic evolution of the terrane. This study has synthesised and evaluated a wide range of the existing metamorphic data obtained from the southern part of the Curnamona Province. A database was constructed which contains spatially located mineralogical information from metamorphic rock samples. GIS analysis was then used to spatially interrogate the data, and was combined with detailed petrographic observations to enable mapping of metamorphic mineral isograds. The results of the GIS analysis were then compared to existing mineral isograd data. This approach yielded several significant conclusions. Firstly, the M1 event is responsible for the majority of the primary metamorphic mineral assemblages seen in the pelites of the SAWI. This includes the growth of chiastolite, andalusite, biotite, sillimanite (both fibrolitic and prismatic), and the early garnet.Secondly, an M2 event, responsible for the growth of staurolite and chloritoid-bearing assemblages, is generally late stage and mainly post-kinematic. These minerals overgrow the products of the early M1 metamorphic event, i.e. both staurolite and chloritoid are observed overgrowing late, low-grade, retrograde, sericite-bearing assemblages. Furthermore, staurolite growth often post-dates chloritoid growth. These data suggest that much of the terrane experienced two metamorphic cycles (M1 and M2), separated by a low-grade retrogression event. Previous studies had recognised but one, anticlockwise pressure-temperature path type metamorphic cycle to explain the observed sequence of mineral paragenesis (e.g. Clarke et al., 1987). Thirdly, there is microstructural evidence of two stages of garnet growth at several localities in the SAWI. The localities that contain evidence of two stages of garnet growth correspond to the areas where both staurolite and chloritoid occur together in rocks of an appropriate bulk composition. This implies a metamorphic link between staurolite, chloritoid and secondary garnet growth (during the M2 event). Fourthly, the rocks in the south-eastern SAWI (around the Mutooroo Mine) are now interpreted as having once attained granulite grade metamorphism, with a subsequent retrogression to middle to upper amphibolite grade. This particular area was previously described as having reached only sillimanite-muscovite grade (i.e. middle amphibolite grade; Clarke et al., 1987, 1995). Metamorphic isograds in the SAWI appear to link up with corresponding isograds in the New South Wales Willyama Inliers (NSWWI). This new conclusion allows the southeastern SAWI (around Mutooroo Mine) to be correlated at least in terms of metamorphic grade with the high grade rocks of the adjacent Broken Hill Domain in the NSWWI. The alliance of the southeastern SAWI with the southern Broken Hill Domain reinforces the apparent lithostratigraphic correlations and suggests that a broader area is more prospective for 'Broken Hill style' mineralisation than previously recognised.
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