After two years of negotiation with traditional owners and the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Land Council, the Geological Survey Branch of PIRSA's Minerals, Petroleum and Energy Division (MPE) commenced stratigraphic drilling on the 15th May 2002, in the north-western corner of South Australia on the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Lands. This is the first geoscientific drilling programme undertaken by the State Government in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Lands for over 30 years. The programme was finished by the middle of July 2002. In total 46 drillholes were completed, entailing 2282 m of reverse circulation drilling and 304 m of diamond core drilling. This programme of regional reconnaissance drilling was designed to obtain samples of fresh bedrock from areas across which MPE had previously flown detailed airborne magnetics and radiometrics as part of the Targeted Exploration Initiative South Australia (TEISA). The main aim of sampling the bedrock was to provide information on lithology, stratigraphy and rock physical properties to allow for more accurate interpretation of the magnetic data in areas of covered bedrock. The drilling was restricted to areas which had been cleared by their traditional owners of potential threats to sites of cultural significance, and took place along the sides of roads and tracks, but this still provided a wide coverage across areas that had hitherto seen little or no exploration. The highlight of the programme was the intersection of primary chalcopyrite within a magnetite-rich wehrlite at the top of the Kalka intrusion (in drillhole DAV-13). Two bands of disseminated chalcopyrite, having grades of up to 0.37% Cu over 1 m, were recorded. Disappointingly, there are no elevated primary Ni, Co or PGE values coincident with or offset from the sulphide intersections. However, an olivine-porphyritic dyke that cuts the wehrlite contains 5 m @ 0.86% Cu, including 1 m @ 1.3% Cu. This remobilised mineralisation occurs as bornite veins within the fractured dyke, and low-level PGE anomalism also occurs as a halo around the dyke (31 ppb Pt and 48 ppb Pd). The primary copper sulphide appears to have been precipitated in response to a fresh influx of magma into the Kalka magma chamber very late in the formation of the intrusion. The main significance of this discovery is not the grade of mineralisation intersected, but the fact of the presence of primary sulphide. It marks the first recorded occurrence of bands of primary sulphide in rocks of the Musgrave Block on the South Australian side of the State border. Additionally, when compared to the Babel and Nebo prospects in Western Australia, it appears that a different intrusion emplacement mechanism, and resulting mineralisation style, is present at Kalka. Knowledge of this apparent petrogenetic variety will clearly increase the prospectivity of all Giles Complex intrusions, and invite more exploration across the Musgrave Block in each of the three States wherein these rocks lie.