The Musgrave Province is largely incorporated within the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Lands and includes cratonic crystalline middle Proterozoic basement rocks of the Musgrave Province proper, as well as mantling younger sedimentary rock successions belonging to adjacent parts of the Officer (late Proterozoic and Palaeozoic), Arckaringa (late Palaeozoic) and Eromanga (Mesozoic) Basins. The crystalline basement of the Musgrave Province comprises metamorphic rocks of granulite and amphibolite facies, intruded by granitic plutons and by mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Giles Complex. The craton is traversed by a meridional series of major shear zone systems, which impart a prominent east-west structural grain to the country. The Musgrave Province encompasses a large, under-explored region of Australia having a great diversity of geological environments. The low intensity of past mineral exploration is not commensurate with the vastness of the area, nor with the currently envisaged prospectivity of cratonic and basinal rocks of this age range, which here hold enormous untested potential. High value/volume commodities with demonstrated potential include base metals (copper, lead and zinc), ferrous metals (chromium, nickel, vanadium, titanium), uranium, hydrocarbons (oil and gas) and precious opal.