This study draws together diverse aspects of South Australia’s heavy minerals (HM) resources geoscience to provide an overall context for evaluating their occurrence, economic significance and origins. Two main objectives are addressed by the subject monograph: - firstly, to enable its readers to develop a better understanding of the characteristics, geometry and geological/depositional environment of sedimentary basins hosting near-surface heavy mineral deposits, mostly in former coastal environments; and - secondly, to facilitate successful outcomes from future prospectivity analysis of the basins and their peripheral paleovalleys by providing guidance in how to map paleoshorelines and paleovalleys, and describing the development of geoscientifically and technically efficient procedures for HM exploration, which have been based on knowledge of the geological processes associated with shoreline development in sedimentary basins and its interactions with associated paleovalleys, which mediate sediment supply and modify coastal environments, with possible influence on HM accumulation and preservation. The authors' latest research, informed by new information derived from recent HM discoveries and data on the provenance of HM in various South Australian deposits, has led to the identification of new exploration targets, as well as giving insight about the timing and development of the studied sedimentary basins and peripheral paleovalleys.