Transported regolith and deeply weathered basement together conceal large tracts of prospective crystalline basement (cratonic and geosynclinal rocks) in South Australia, and such cover forms a major exploration impediment for much of the Gawler Craton. Interpreting and understanding that cover sequence (the regolith) has proven to be problematic for many explorers over the last several decades. To help overcome this impediment, South Australian regolith research over the last eleven years has involved the PIRSA Geological Survey working in tandem with the Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environment and Mineral Exploration (CRC LEME) agencies CSIRO Exploration & Mining Division and Geoscience Australia, and has included input from several exploration companies through their funding of a number of Honours student academic research projects. Since October 1996 there have been many collaborative regolith studies carried out over the Gawler Craton, western Stuart Shelf, Adelaide Geosyncline and the Curnamona Craton. Taken in combination, the results of those investigations now offer the possibility for a more regional understanding and presentation of regolith features for significant covered portions of the aforementioned prospective terranes. This Atlas focusses on the Gawler Craton. In geology a Type Section is really just another name for a Geological Benchmark. However, regolith profiles commonly involve weathering zones that variably transgress geological boundaries. Therefore the term 'type section' has been avoided for this new Atlas in preference for regolith benchmark. A methodology for the Atlas is drawn from examples used in pedology and geomechanics, where data are presented from drillholes and/or excavations to form key reference columns or benchmark profiles. Each benchmark provides a well-located representative reference column that has been fully described and examined by a number of regolith methods (i.e. materials logging, petrology, assay, PIMA, XRD, etc.). A key feature of all benchmarks described herein is that all drilled samples and other specimens are readily available for visual or microscopic inspection, or perhaps for further analysis where warranted, through access at PIRSA's Glenside Drillcore Storage Facility. Three types of regolith exposure can form a Benchmark. They comprise: Type 1 - natural outcrop; Type 2 - drilled samples; and Type 3 - human made excavations (road and rail cuttings, tunnels, borrow pits, pipeline or cable trenches, quarries, costeans and mines, etc.). Profile complexity and/or depth limitations can be partially overcome within a specific locality by compiling a composite profile, by utilising two of the three locally available Types (i.e. 1 + 2, or 1 + 3, or 2 + 3). Representative benchmarks are sited within well studied locations, and those studies have been summarised for the Atlas. Each selected profile has a tabulated summary of data, source papers-reports, profile photo(s) + log(s) + assay plots, and the following if available: petrology, PIMA, XRD mineralogy, and dating. Accounts of the weathered in situ (residual) regolith and transported regolith, as well as, the geochemistry and suitable sample media, are provided for each benchmark. Most locations have at least two representative benchmarks, but a few have three or four. Benchmarks in the Atlas are presented within a cratonic domain or a defined region for ready comparisons. Thus Volume 1 covers Benchmarks 1-20 within the Harris Domain, the Central Gawler Gold Province (includes Earea Dam Goldfield) and Yorke Peninsula (includes the Poona and Wheal Hughes copper-gold mines), while Volume 2 covers Benchmarks 21-33 from the Christie Domain (including the Challenger gold mine).