Uranium has been the mainstay of mineral exploration and mining in the Curnamona Province of South Australia since the early prospecting activity at Radium Hill in 1906 and Mount Painter in 1910. Larger scale mining and exploration began after the Second World War, with extraction from the Radium Hill mine between 1954 and 1961, accompanied by regional exploration, which discovered significant uranium prospects in the Crocker Well district. Following renewed interest in uranium in the late1960s, uranium exploration switched to the search for sedimentary deposits in the Tertiary palaeochannels of the Frome Embayment. The Petromin group discovered the Beverley deposit in the north-west Frome Embayment in 1969 and the Minad - Teton Joint Venture discovered the Honeymoon, East Kalkaroo and Goulds Dam deposits in the southern Frome Embayment between 1972 and 1974. Sedimentary uranium exploration has dominated mineral exploration expenditure in the Curnamona Province of South Australia since that time. In-situ extraction uranium mines are operating at Beverley and Honeymoon and resources are under development at Four Mile Uranium Project, 11 km northwest of Beverley Mine, and at Oban Uranium Project, 60 km north of Honeymoon Mine. A low-grade, bulk minable bedrock uranium resource is also under development at Crocker Well Uranium Project. The presence across the border in New South Wales of the giant Broken Hill Ag-Pb-Zn orebody, a stratabound deposit hosted by Proterozoic metasediments of the Curnamona Province, has always raised speculation about the potential for similar deposits in South Australia. Exploration for this style of deposit was boosted in the late 1970s, when Esso Exploration recognised the importance to mineralisation of a package of rocks they named the Bimba Suite, which they concluded was stratigraphically equivalent to the rocks containing the lode horizon at Broken Hill. The Bimba Suite includes a regional redox boundary, which is readily traced under cover using magnetic imagery, and has since been a major guide in the search for stratigraphically controlled base and precious metals. Major programs explored extensive packages of contiguous tenements on the southern Curnamona Province between ~1980 and ~2000, with major contributions by the Kalabity Joint Venture, the Drew Hill Joint Venture and the South Eagle - Yarramba Joint Venture, later renamed the Kalkaroo Joint Venture. These efforts produced many encouraging discoveries without matching the size or tenor expected of Broken Hill style deposits. Copper, zinc and gold tend to dominate deposits to the west in South Australia, rather than the silver-lead-zinc mineralisation found further east in New South Wales. Potentially economic resources are under development at White Dam Au Project and Kalkaroo Cu-Au Project. IOCG deposits have been an exploration target in the Curnamona Province since the late 1970s, following the discovery of another giant, the Olympic Dam deposit on the eastern Gawler Craton, and the recognition of close similarities between the related Gawler Range Volcanics and the newly discovered Benagerie Volcanics of the central Curnamona Province. Recent studies suggest the Curnamona Province was once continuous with the Gawler Craton, and the central region of the Benagerie Ridge shares important features of geological setting with the major IOCG deposits of the Olympic Domain in the eastern Gawler Craton. These features include: a significant basement high, the Benagerie Ridge, preserved beneath Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic cover sediments; the presence of bimodal Mesoproterozoic volcanics similar to the Gawler Range Volcanics; preservation of a shallow igneous environment, beneath and adjacent to the Benagerie Volcanics; and evidence that the Willyama Supergroup rocks of the underlying basement once contained evaporitic sediments, a potential source of saline fluids for the formation of hybrid IOCG systems. Since the 1990s, explorers have recognised the potential to discover types of IOCG deposit other than the Olympic Dam style, generally adopting exploration models based on the range of examples found in the Cloncurry district in Queensland and the Tennant Creek field in the Northern Territory. These include magmatic, non-magmatic and hybrid styles of IOCG deposit, but tend to have a stratigraphic component, so that deposit types tend to overlap with the stratabound styles associated with the oxidised zone of the Bimba-Portia redox boundary, as the Bimba Suite is currently described. Prospects such as White Dam (Au), Kalkaroo (Cu-Au) and North Portia (Cu-Au-Mo) reflect aspects of both stratabound deposits and IOCG-related mineralisation. Gold mineralisation in the southern Curnamona Province tends to be associated with copper in stratabound deposits of the oxidised zone beneath the Bimba-Portia redox boundary; although in deposits such as those mentioned above there is also an apparent IOCG-style alteration involved. Secondary eluvial gold at Portia prospect, apparently derived from this style of mineralisation nearby, accumulated at the interface between the weathered basement rocks and the overlying Tertiary sediments. Delamerian shear zones cross-cutting the Proterozoic basement contain fracture controlled gold deposits in places.