Copper and gold mineralisation is commonly associated with accessory uranium, and so radon generated from the uranium's decay may provide a tool that is useful in exploration for this style of deposit. As part of an investigation into applying...
Copper and gold mineralisation is commonly associated with accessory uranium, and so radon generated from the uranium's decay may provide a tool that is useful in exploration for this style of deposit. As part of an investigation into applying radon detection methods in uranium exploration, radon measurements were made at the Hillside Cu-Au deposit on the Yorke Peninsula, employing a version of track etch - type equipment called 'nuclear track uranium ore exploration tool' (NTUOET), provided by a local supplier (Radiation Detection Systems). The primary focus of the work was on determining whether radon measurements could be used to identify the known location of Cu-Au±U mineralisation beneath a thin to moderate thickness (5-10 m) of regolith cover. Furthermore, the experiment's results were intended to be used for an appraisal of this particular method of radon detection. While radon detection is not a new technique, there are only few independent examples of similar studies being conducted since the last uranium search boom took place in the late 1970s. The advantages of using radon for such exploration are that it can readily be detected at extremely small concentrations, is constantly being generated by the decay of uranium, and, since it is a gas, can easily permeate overlying cover. The location chosen for investigation was Rex Mineral's Hillside deposit on the eastern side of Yorke Peninsula, just south of Ardrossan. The perceived advantage of investigating Hillside is that the Cu-Au-U mineralisation already found there is associated with subvertical structures which could potentially act as conduits for rapid radon movement through the bedrock. Two survey lines 1.2 km long were laid out across the Hillside Magnetic Anomaly, with sampling sites established 20 m apart over the prospective zone and 40 m apart at the line extremities, for a total of 102 sites. At each site a short length of PVC pipe, with alpha radiation - sensitive film mounted within it, was buried within the top of the soil profile: then, over a period of 4 weeks, the film recorded tracks made by the collisions with it of alpha particles emitted by the decay of radon gas. Other, more conventional uranium-finding techniques of gamma ray measurement and soil analysis were also used for comparison. Shallow soil samples were collected at the radon survey sites and were analysed for a multi-element suite using aqua regia and the partial leach, pyrophosphate + cyanide. The results were used as a test of the suitability of these reagents and the chosen sample depth within the soil profile for obtaining effective Cu-Au geochemical responses at this particular mineralised location. High radon values were recorded for the entire NTUOET survey at Hillside compared to other similar surveys, indicating both that anomalous levels of uranium exist in the region and that there is sufficient permeability for the method to work. The main radon anomalies could be correlated to the position of the Songvaar Fault and Pine Point Fault on both survey lines. Gamma ray measurements were useful in locating the mineralised zones where the bedrock is <5 m below the surface. Anomalous levels of soil uranium were evident over the Songvaar Fault, in agreement with results from the other techniques, suggesting that this fault is the most prospective of the known structures for hosting uranium mineralisation. Multi-element results returned from shallow soil sampling also indicated the position of Cu-Au mineralisation, most precisely when the soil was assayed for copper and gold, but also in the case of uranium and tungsten. Both the aqua regia and the partial leach (pyrophosphate + cyanide) soil sample treatments were effective at releasing these indicator trace elements. Although this investigation of the use of track etch - style radon detectors was not conclusive due to a lack of available bedrock uranium data, the results generally indicate that it is a viable exploration method and can be effective at detection through thin to moderately thick cover. It is recommended that further trials are conducted which include areas of thicker cover and a comparison between the various types of radon detection systems.
More +