An historic Native Title agreement, involving unprecedented cooperation between Native Title claimants and petroleum explorers, was signed into effect on 22 October 2001 at a ceremony in Parliament House, Adelaide. The signing ceremony was in relation to the 11 Cooper Basin areas released for application in late 1998 (the 'CO98' areas) and was the culmination of the right to negotiate process under the Commonwealth Native Title Act 1993. This process commenced in June 1999. The agreements are between three Native Title claim groups (the Edward Landers Dieri, Yandruwandha - Yawarrawarrka, and Wangkangurru - Yarluyandi Peoples), seven different exploration consortia, and the SA Government. The agreements cover the exploration phase, and provide for development of any discoveries should exploration be successful. Amongst other issues, the agreements establish processes to protect Aboriginal heritage before and during field operations and to provide payments for the interference with the enjoyment of the Native Title rights of the claimants. A summary of key terms and conditions of the agreements forms the body of this published article. The agreements will form precedents for future Native Title negotiations, not only in the Cooper Basin and SA, but throughout Australia. The subsequent grant of the 11 CO98 exploration licences will facilitate up to $45 million of new investment in petroleum exploration.