Surficial sedimentary uranium deposits are estimated to comprise about 4% of world uranium resources. Calcrete deposits form approximately 5% of Australia's total uranium reserves and resources. Exploration for calcrete - hosted uranium of Neogene age is a concept that has been proven to have economic potential by the discovery of deposits throughout the world (e.g. Langer-Heinrich mine, Namibia) and within Australia (e.g. Centipede and Yeelirrie deposits, Western Australia). Nonetheless, exploration for this style of deposit within South Australia is a relatively new concept, despite the fact that calcrete is quite common there. Regional exploration drilling programmes for sandstone - hosted uranium have been conducted throughout the highly uraniferous Lake Frome region since the 1960s, particularly in areas currently held under licence by Heathgate. This work included downhole geophysical logging of exploration drillholes, which frequently delineated zones of elevated background radiation and small peaks of anomalous gamma radiation that were interpreted to be due to uranium mineralisation. Groundwater in the region is known to contain significant amounts of dissolved uranium. The presence of active uraniferous systems is well demonstrated by the radioactive waters of the Paralana Hot Springs, a hydrothermal feature situated on the major Paralana Fault and located at the eastern edge of the northern Flinders Ranges, immediately to the west of the Beverley uranium mine. Recent exploration drilling on the adjacent Paralana High Plains region surrounding the Beverley mine suggests significant movement of large amounts of subsurface, uraniferous groundwater. It is postulated that some of this metal-enriched water may have encountered environments favourable for deposition of secondary uranium mineralisation within calcrete. Uranium mineralisation at the Beverley mine is believed to be relatively recent in age (< 6 Ma), with mineralisation being deposited from the surface downwards via infiltration of uraniferous groundwater emanating from primary uranium sources close to the Paralana Hot Springs. The majority of modern creeks in the region also show evidence of anomalous radioactivity. Deposits of calcrete and dolomitic limestone are well documented as existing to the south of Beverley mine, occurring along the Paralana and Wooltana faults in settings similar to that of the Paralana Hot Springs. These sediments are outlined on the Mount Painter Special geological map, and are interpreted as palaeo - mound spring deposits resulting from the upwelling of groundwater at numerous sites along the major bounding faults to the Flinders Ranges. Similar limestone deposits occur to the north of the Beverley mine in the North Mulga region, and are also documented as occurring to the north of the Flinders Ranges on CALLABONNA. In addition, older calcrete palaeosurfaces and limestone beds of the Namba Formation are widespread on CALLABONNA, and could form potential hosts to mineralisation. The uraniferous nature of the waters at Paralana Hot Springs suggests that these regionally widespread calcrete and limestone deposits are prospective for hosting secondary uranium mineralisation at shallow depth. This exploration concept was tested by Heathgate in late 2007 as a PIRSA-approved PACE Initiative Year 4 subsidised drilling project, when 98 vertical aircore/RAB drillholes totalling 2938 m of penetration were drilled to maximum depths of 42 m to pass through the surficial calcrete horizons within ELs 3251 and 3934. Drill cuttings were collected at one-metre downhole increments for geological logging purposes, and four-metre composite samples (739 samples) were submitted for multi-element geochemical analysis. Two anomalous assay results were received, one for copper (108 ppm Cu from 4-8 m in NMA001) and another for silver (8.76 ppm Ag from 12-16 m in NMA005), so these anomalous intervals were decomposite resampled using the same assay methods and element suites. Calcareous strata were encountered in all of the drillholes. They are present either as calcareous nodules/sheets, powders, or a mixture of both. Powdery calcrete, or calcareous soil, was the most common form of calcrete encountered. The best calcrete development was found in drillholes located close to mound springs and fault zones. Areas distant from the range front had less calcrete present at depth, with most of it occurring near the surface. No holes drilled into basement rock. Scintillometer readings were taken over all of the retained drill cuttings, but they did not reveal any gamma radiation levels that were significantly above background. The best uranium assay result obtained was 14.6 ppm U in drillhole PRA035. On a local level (drillhole scale) there appears to be some relationship between calcrete formation and soil uranium, however on a regional scale this is not so evident. The uranium highs defined in the data are associated with high calcium, where the elevated U occurs either directly below or at the base of intervals with high Ca. Few clear relationships are evident between calcium and other elements. Two moderately high multiple element anomalies were seen, one on North Mulga and one on Paralana, but neither has been closed off in the current drilling. It is concluded that there remains a possibility of carnotite formation around the mound spring near drillhole PRA066.