In February 2008, Lincoln Minerals Ltd was awarded a grant of $100,000 in Round 5, Theme 2 of PIRSA's PACE Initiative to conduct drill tests for the possible presence of sediment-hosted copper mineralisation in Adelaidean successions, as well as...
In February 2008, Lincoln Minerals Ltd was awarded a grant of $100,000 in Round 5, Theme 2 of PIRSA's PACE Initiative to conduct drill tests for the possible presence of sediment-hosted copper mineralisation in Adelaidean successions, as well as for possible IOCGU mineralisation in Paleoproterozoic basement, below the area covered by EL 3563 of its Torrens Project. The target comprised a basement high or horst-like structure mapped in the subsurface at Yadlamalka, located about 50 km north of Port Augusta, which was indicated by magnetic and gravity data to lie at a depth of about 200 m within the Torrens Hinge Zone. This prospect lies in a area where long-lived NW-trending structures, which controlled both the location of iron oxide copper gold uranium (IOCGU) mineralisation, some basin margins, and dykes of the Gairdner Dyke Swarm, intersect meridional structures that control basin margins and the flow of magnetising fluids associated with IOCGU mineralisation on the Yorke Peninsula. The presence of sediment-hosted Cu mineralisation west of the Torrens Hinge Zone, in the Stuart Shelf, is well known and demonstrated by the Mount Gunson group of deposits, the Myall Creek occurrence, the Emmie Bluff prospect, and diamond drillhole SLT 104, whilst in the Adelaide Fold Belt, a number of Cu deposits and prospects (e.g., Kapunda, Burra, Blinman) attest that sediment-hosted mineralisation also occurs east of the Torrens Hinge Zone. However, the Torrens Hinge Zone has not been a target of recent or widespread exploration for Cu mineralisation, probably because of the general perception that the depth to favourable host rocks is too great, even though it coincides with the basin margin of the Adelaide Fold Belt. This setting is important because, in the Zechstein Basin of Poland (home to the world-class Kupferschiefer copper deposits) economic mineralisation occurs on the basin margin, not in the centre of the basin where salt diapirism took place. By analogy, the Adelaide Fold Belt may not be expected to be prospective because it, too, has been the locus of salt diapirism, whereas within the Torrens Hinge Zone any salt is likely to be stratiform, and consequently there the conferred metal-carrying capacity for high volume migrating fluids would be maximised. Lincoln Minerals acquired ground magnetic and gravity data over the southern part of the narrow, NNW-trending linear Yadlamalka magnetic anomaly in November-December 2007. The gravity data show a narrow (about 1 km wide), negative Bouger anomaly coincident with the linear magnetic anomaly. Lincoln Minerals modelled the source of the anomalies as a west-directed thrust which had lifted the mafic Beda Volcanics and overlying younger Adelaidean strata towards the surface in the hanging-wall block. The thrust-model, while explaining uplifted basement, also predicts enhanced flow of mineralising fluids along the thrust planes and into outflow zones about the propagating thrust tip. The initial plan was to drill three holes, respectively forward, over, and behind the proposed thrust, to test the structural model and the potential for associated mineralisation. However, difficult drilling conditions forced the program to be curtailed after one hole. This vertical, rotary mud precollared, NQ diamond hole, TKDH 1A, was completed at a depth of 1002.3 m during September-November 2008. Adelaidean units were encountered at 213 m, below Paleogene-Quaternary clays and sands. Here the Backy Point Formation and Beda Volcanics were found, as expected, to be thrust over younger Adelaidean units. The thrust, at 633.9 m depth, is marked by a cataclasite about 3 m thick. Immediately below the thrust there is about 38 m of Brachina Formation overlying Elatina Formation, in which the hole finished. Alpha angles of bedding are generally around 40° - 50° above the thrust, and increase to 75° - 90° from about 20 m below the thrust. The top of the thrust has an alpha angle of 30°. The hanging-wall block contains hydrothermal breccias and moderate to intense veining and stockworks of quartz-carbonate-chlorite ± epidote ± hematite ± chalcopyrite in basalts. Veins are generally a few millimetres wide, but swell up to 10 cm wide in places. Chalcopyrite also occurs as blebs in the basalt. The foot-wall block is generally less altered, containing veinlets of quartz and/or carbonate ± sericite. Silica- and carbonate-alteration are common in the top 50 m of the hanging-wall block. The orientation of veins with respect to core is variable, but alpha angles are commonly around 40° in hanging-wall basalts. Despite intersecting over 300 m of the mafic Beda Volcanics thrust over Brachina Formation, and finding abundant evidence of fluid flow and rock alteration, no significant copper mineralisation was found. Thus it was decided by Lincoln Minerals that assaying of the drill core was not warranted. However, as TKDH 1A is situated only about 1.5 km south of Geoscience Australia's 08GA-A01 Arrowie transect seismic line, it will provide critical information for interpretation of the seismic data. The drillhole has shown that the coincident gravity and magnetic anomalies are sourced in the hanging-wall block of a west directed thrust. It is possible that the drillhole was placed too close to the toe of the thrust as, from this single drillhole, it is not possible to determine whether thrusting involved basement or not. Therefore, neither model has yet been excluded. To properly test the mineral potential of the hanging-wall block, further drilling would need to be done east of the thrust; both to examine the cause of reduced coherence seen in the seismic reflections and to assess what favourable units younger than the Beda Volcanics (e.g., Tapley Hill Formation) are within striking distance. However, the thickness of the Paleogene-Quaternary cover, the broken nature of the Adelaidean rocks in the hanging-wall block, and the difficulty in sourcing sufficient water for drilling all work towards making systematic exploration in this area a costly exercise.