An area located approximately 160 km south-west of Coober Pedy and just to the west of the Challenger gold mine is being explored for possible economic sedimentary uranium mineralisation which is inferred to be present in buried Tertiary palaeochannels. Drilling which has been carried out previously by Mega Hindmarsh and by past explorers in the general vicinity of EL 4165 has found dispersed uranium occurring mainly in the near-surface environment, whereas the deeper parts of palaeochannels, where tested, have been mostly barren. Although sedimentary uranium occurrences have lately been found at greater depths in the region (e.g. at Fission Energy’s Pundinya prospect in the Wynbring Palaeochannel, which includes a reported intercept of 2 m at 0.2% U3O8 from 51 m depth - ASX announcement made on 1st July, 2008), shallow targets are the focus of Hindmarsh’s current programme, in the hope that these may lead to deeper, economic accumulations. Because the licence area has a ubiquitous cover of sand dunes up to 16 m thick, it was decided to employ sampling of desert vegetation as a direct geochemical exploration method, since it was expected that the plant roots would be likely to have penetrated prospective units. Initially, vegetation was sampled along orientation traverses over known low-grade uranium occurrences encountered in Mega Hindmarsh drilllholes. This work, reported in the 2007 Joint Annual Technical Report on neighbouring project licences ELs 3395 and 3396, successfully detected the uranium mineralisation, but the technique itself was considered to be too spatially specific for use in a regional survey, where the cost of obtaining effective regional coverage would be prohibitive. It was thought that the observed restricted dispersion areole for the uranium may be due to the very dry near-surface hydrological substrate existing in this arid environment at the time of sampling. Subsequently, for reasons described in the 2008 Annual Technical Report on EL 3380, Mega Hindmarsh decided that sampling of detrital kangaroo scats on a broad spacing would provide an effective and cheap alternative regional biogeochemical exploration tool which was likely to highlight anomalous uranium both within and beyond palaeochannels. Accordingly, such a survey was carried out over the entire EL 4165 area in March and April 2008, in which kangaroo scats were collected at sites 3.2 km apart on a square grid. This work is the first known use of this technique in South Australia for assessing a region's near-surface mineral prospectivity. 8 scat samples were collected within the now relinquished portions of the licence. No significant uranium anomalies were found on the subject licence area by using this new biogeochemical technique, but gold and many other elements of economic interest were found to be anomalous. In view of this outcome it is recommended that further scat sampling should be done, since such samples are easy to collect and cost-effective to process and analyse.