The iron oxide - associated copper-gold (IOCG) mineralisation potential of an area centred ~20 km south of Tarcoola, which appeared to contain untested but interesting gravity and soil geochemical anomalies, was investigated by Minotaur to try to...
The iron oxide - associated copper-gold (IOCG) mineralisation potential of an area centred ~20 km south of Tarcoola, which appeared to contain untested but interesting gravity and soil geochemical anomalies, was investigated by Minotaur to try to delineate robust exploration targets to present to its major alliance partner BHP-Billiton. A feature of particular attraction was a significant positive gravity anomaly which had been highlighted by 2 km x 1 km gravity data acquired by the SA Government in April 2005 during the PACE Year 1 Central Gawler Craton Gravity Survey. Minotaur decided to acquire infill gravity coverage to better delineate this anomaly. During June-July 2005, an additional 532 gravity stations were read at 500 m x 500 m spacing across two localities in the south of the subject tenement, and they delineated several anomalies that Minotaur believed might be related to IOCG-style mineralisation. The principal gravity complex was shown to have an amplitude of 10 mGal, dimensions of 7 km x 1.8 km and to consist of a main anomaly along with several peripheral smaller anomalies. The subsequent conduct of ground magnetic surveys along ten N-S lines spaced 400 m apart, with readings taken at 10 m intervals, indicated that both normal and reversely polarised magnetic bodies coincide with part of the main gravity complex. Also during June 2005, Minotaur conducted both anomaly scale and regional reconnaissance calcrete sampling involving 564 samples, which were collected partly on the eastern side of EL 3266 to check on some significant previously reported gold-in-calcrete anomalism (Aurelius Resources, 1998, 52 ppb Au). This particular new set of samples confirmed the earlier anomaly located ~4 km north of the Yerda Shear Zone by recording elevated gold, with a maximum of 36 ppb Au, over an area of ~750 m x 750 m where the calcrete gold content exceeds 10 ppb. It was surmised that this anomaly might reflect an occurrence of fault splay - controlled orogenic style gold mineralisation in the bedrock, similar to that found by CSR in the late 1980s at its Arcoordaby prospect some 30 km away to the east. Elsewhere on the licence, minor uranium (to 0.86 ppm U) and (relatively) depleted Ag and Cu were also detected over an inferred buried Tertiary palaeochannel, suggesting that there might be sedimentary uranium potential within those sands. In-house 2D and 3D geophysical modelling performed by Minotaur late in 2005 identified five robust targets that were considered worthy of drill testing in order to appraise the region’s potential to host IOCG-style mineralisation. One target was a small coincident gravity and magnetic anomaly located just south of the E–W orientated Yerda Shear Zone, near the eastern boundary of the tenement and of the Yellabinna Regional Reserve. The other four targets were situated in the south of the licence area on the main 10 mGal gravity anomaly or associated anomalous features, and were designed to appraise the lithological nature of bedrock causing the gravity and/or magnetic anomalies. As these drilling targets all lay within Yellabinna Regional Reserve, an especially exhaustive Declaration of Environmental Factors was compiled in May 2006 and submitted to PIRSA and the Department of Environment and Heritage for their approval. Assessment of the submission was very protracted, but approval to drill was finally obtained on 23/5/2007. In the meantime, Minotaur experienced considerable difficulty in its attempts to source a RC drill rig, due both to a current shortage of available drill rigs and also the need to find one which could reliably negotiate the sandy terrain. During July-August 2006, part of an airborne EM survey was flown across EL 3266 by Fugro Airborne Surveys for new JV partner Toro Energy, a dedicated uranium explorer. Coverage consisted of 733 line km of profiles obtained in two areas along 1 km spaced east-west flight lines. The AEM data outlined segments of two northwards-trending Tertiary palaeochannels, but much more work was clearly required of Toro to define the palaeochannels' convergent and meander features, and to define optimum drill traverse sites from which to appraise the potential for them to host sedimentary uranium mineralisation precipitated at redox boundaries. A separate interpretation of the airborne EM data done by Minotaur was also directed at identifying late-time conductors that might reflect metallic mineralisation present within crystalline basement units. After being unable to contract a suitable RC drilling rig, Minotaur proceed during July 2007 to test its five IOCG targets with shallow aircore drilling to bedrock. 29 vertical holes with a total penetration of 1175 m were completed. Individual hole depths ranged from 16–55 m, corresponding approximately to the depths to fresh basement. Top-of-basement lithologies encountered include gabbro (DH07A01, 2, 4–7, 18), granodiorite (DH07A03, 13–16, 23, 27–28), granite (DH07A08–12, 17, 19, 21–22) and ?felsic volcanic rock (DH07A24–26, ?29). Downhole sample assay data revealed no significant anomalous results. The maximum Au value was only 0.02 ppm, maximum Ag value 0.7 ppm, maximum Cu value 296 ppm (DH07A18, 53–54 m, EOH), maximum Pb value 93 ppm, and maximum Zn 173 ppm. The maximum U value was 60 ppm (DH07A25, 24–28 m). The principal rare earth elements La, Y and Ce were generally of low concentration, with maximum values of 280, >250 and >250 ppm respectively. Hole DH07A15 contained elevated Ce over an 8 m interval (20–28 m), whilst hole DH07A25 contained elevated Ce over a 16 m interval (20–36 m). These latter were interpreted to correspond to zones of deep Tertiary weathering rather than to primary basement lithologies. Minotaur concluded that, rather than reflecting IOCG mineralisation, the targeted geophysical anomalies on EL 3266 could be explained by the presence of primary mafic sub-volcanic intrusions and other mafic-rich lithologies (e.g. gabbro and granodiorite) at very shallow depths (<50 m). Therefore it appeared that the subject tenement had little remaining scope for finding IOCG-style mineralisation; however, its prospectivity for gold-only mineralisation occurring within shear and fault zones, as found at the Tunkillia prospect along the Yarlbrinda Shear Zone, remained untested. No work took place on EL 3266 during licence Year 4. During Year 5, plans were progressed to perform a number of short biogeochemical sampling traverses totalling 13 line km above discrete geophysical and gold-in-calcrete anomalies lying within the Yellabinna Regional Reserve. Samples would be taken of certain proven gold-absorbing deep rooted vegetation species, at nominal 50 m intervals along the traverses. During licence Year 6 a comprehensive Declaration of Environmental Factors was submitted to PIRSA and DEH relating to doing this survey, but ultimately it did not eventuate. No work took place on the renewed EL 4439 during licence Year 7. Tunkillia Gold acquired ownership of the tenement on 17/1/2012 through a corporate takeover of the Minotaur Ventures group of companies, and carried out a data compilation/review and geophysical data reprocessing, but did not carry out any further field work before deciding on 17/9/2013 to surrender tenure.