During 2007-2008, the first year of the diamond exploration joint venture with the Filsell brothers in the Paratoo area, Flinders Mines' activities comprised: • acquiring part of a detailed helicopter-borne infill aerial magnetic ('helimag')...
During 2007-2008, the first year of the diamond exploration joint venture with the Filsell brothers in the Paratoo area, Flinders Mines' activities comprised: • acquiring part of a detailed helicopter-borne infill aerial magnetic ('helimag') survey, which was flown in early November 2007 for coverage of 521.8 line km, along north-south flight lines spaced 100 m apart, including the Mount Grainger mineral claim area in the south which was later re-flown and closed to 50 m line spacing, all using a magnetometer mean elevation of 30 m above the ground surface; • helimag data processing and interpretation; • the conduct of grid-based ground magnetic surveys over selected helimag targets; and • heavy mineral sampling of surface materials overlying selected helimag anomalies. For the last-mentioned activity, 54 loam and drainage sediment samples were collected and sent off for contained heavy mineral concentration and microscopic observation. Selected detrital grains were electron microprobed to establish their mineral chemistry and check for any affinity to a kimberlitic source. Only three samples returned encouraging results. One sample contained a single chrome spinel grain, and the other two samples contained olivines, some which are high in magnesium and could possibly be derived from a kimberlitic source. However, it is thought that the olivine grains recovered are likely to have been derived from local mafic intrusive rocks, namely the gabbroic dykes which subcrop in the Paratoo area. During the second and third years of the JV, no field work was conducted. In late 2011, a trenching programme was undertaken by licensees Ian and Mark Filsell to determine the extent of Cu-REE mineralisation that has formed in haematitic and partially graphitic siltstones at the Paratoo mine prospect, and to gauge ore grade tenor along the host structures at intervals of ~20 m to 50 m. Continuous rock chip samples were taken along the walls of the trenches. These samples were put through a jaw crusher, an impact mill and then were assayed for copper using a portable Niton XRF analyser. Overall, 90 such samples were treated, and of these, some 9 selected samples were later sent to a laboratory for REE analysis. Evaluation of the copper grades indicated by this method suggested that a small copper resource may exist at Paratoo, of about 150,000 tonnes grading~1% Cu per 10 metres of vertical depth. However, because oxidation of the lodes extends to around 50 to 60 m depth, it was also thought possible that the resource may contain as much as ~7,500 tonnes of copper metal. It was envisaged that a total resource of this order might still be feasible to develop via small scale open pit mining and subsequent heap leaching of the extracted ore material. No work was conducted during the 2011-2012 licence year. During 2012-2013, new project owners Australasian Mining Limited (AML) conducted a comprehensive technical review of past work done in the area of their tenements, with the aim to develop a viable oxide copper and rare earth element heap leach operation at the Paratoo mine. Known lesser gold and manganese occurrences located nearby were also evaluated. To assist it with formulating accurate models for ore genesis and distribution, the company conducted detailed 1:5000 and 1:2000 scale geological mapping, stratigraphic and structural analyses, plus trench sampling, ore mineralogical and geochemical research, and limited shallow RC drilling of 2 inclined holes for 62 m. This work allowed it to reach the conclusion that the known copper and REE mineralisation is essentially stratiform and stratabound, and definitely not caused by diapirism, with only local redistribution having occurred into late tectonic quartz-magnetite veins and during supergene enrichment. But it is now believed that the copper-REE mineralisation at Paratoo remains unconstrained within the shallow oxide zone in many areas, and it is anticipated that undertaking further drilling peripheral to the known resources will provide a significant boost to the current ore reserves. Strong surface geochemical trends extending over 2 km along strike from Paratoo hold similar potential to provide further shallow oxide ore resources. The distribution and controls on copper and REE mineralisation at Paratoo remain poorly understood, however, the recent confirmation drilling done by AML has revealed that the high value REE do continue to the base of the oxide profile (at least). Best intercepts made from this drilling included 5 m @ 1.6% Cu (13-18 m, PAARC01), and 7 m @ 0.3% total REE (5-12 m, PAARC02). Results of metallurgical leaching tests that were commissioned by AML to be performed on samples of the Paratoo ore suggest that it should be very suitable for heap leaching, with an anticipated low acid demand and quick and efficient leaching of copper to produce a copper sulphate or copper cement. Depending on REE grades, a secondary treatment of the raffinate would extract the slower leaching REE. During the 2013-2014 reporting year, no work was done due to a change in ownership of the licence. During the 2014-2015 reporting year, working under the direction of new licence owner Gawler Craton Resources Pty Ltd, an exploratory drilling programme of 23 shallow angled aircore or RC holes totalling 391.5 m was performed on RL 128 in October 2015 to test the extent of the Paratoo mine lodes and to provide geological information for use in estimating a copper resource that can be subjected to a proposed 5000 t heap leaching trial. The holes were put in along seven traverses, to a maximum depth of 20 m, to delineate two known separate stratabound mineralised zones lying to the west of formerly worked open pits. The returned drill cuttings were sampled at 1-metre hole intervals and were chemically analysed onsite using a calibrated (against four standards) Niton pXRF spectrometric instrument, for semi-quantitative contents of As, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Th, Tl, U, W, Zn and Zr. The pXRF tool was unable to measure rare earth element concentrations. No geological logs were prepared for the holes: the resource calculations were based on 'geochemical' cross-sections, using a recommended 0.6% Cu cut off grade. Whilst the drilling data enabled interpolation of the ore zones to 20 m below the surface, a 10 m depth limit was placed on them to make the resource estimates conform to the 10 m mine depth limit stated in the PEPR for RL 128. Within the Southern Zone, an Inferred Resource of ~4500 t @ 0.9% Cu was estimated. This ore zone dips at 20 to 55 degrees towards the south-southeast, and the bulk of the total resource is hosted by just the one mineralised layer 1 m to 2 m thick. Within the Northern Zone, an Inferred Resource of ~9800 t @ 1.4% Cu (with grades ranging between 0.6 to 2.5% Cu) was estimated. This ore zones dips at 60 to 75 degrees towards the south, and comprises five separate layers ranging from 0.5 m to 3 m in thickness. Two previously unmined portions of these layers were disclosed on the northern edge of the Northern Zone, that have a potential 80 m strike length and could contain up to an additional 6000 t copper resource at an assumed average grade of between 1% and 3% Cu. Interpretation of the 2015 drilling results showed that the Northern Zone is more complex and is steeper dipping than the Southern Zone. The complexity of the Northern Zone was due to the reduced continuity of the ore layers between holes on a traverse and between adjacent traverses. Three samples of white siltstone with copper (malachite) mineralisation were collected from old trenching heaps from the N2 zone near hole PM20 so that their density could be measured by Challenger Geological Services using the immersion (or Archimedes) method. The density values obtained were 2.49, 2.75 and 2.53 g per cubic centimetre. One sample is more dense than the other two, but it has no readily identifiable geological features that would clearly explain the difference. The range of density values is likely to be a reasonable statistical variation that reflects the natural variation of the host siltstone (especially the porosity). For the non - JORC compliant resources estimate, an averaged value of 2.6 g/cm3 was used which is a reasonable value for quartz rich siltstone. A number of recommendations were made for gathering additional technical data from the Paratoo mine prospect, by doing more drilling, analyses, surveying, metallurgical tests, and other work that will inform a scoping study for possible future copper and rare earth element mining. Approximately 3 km to the south-west of the Paratoo mine is an abandoned basalt quarry that was once a source of aggregate and rail ballast. A single rock chip sample of the basalt was collected and submitted to a geotechnical consultant for determination of the rock's 'Los Angeles' Abrasion Index and other physical properties, to ascertain its suitability for various civil engineering uses. During the 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 licence years no work was done.