Four genera, Latrobosporites, Dilwynites, Simplicepollis and Malyacipallis, and thirty one species of dispersed spores and pollen from basal Tertiary sediments of southern Australia are described as new. The use of several species as index forms in the lower Tertiary is discussed. The succession of microfloras indicate climatic increases in mean annual temperature throughout the sequence. Playnological and palaeontological evidence as to the age of the sediments is reviewed.