This report is the text of a paper submitted for inclusion in the AGSO Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics - special issue devoted to 'The Mineral Potential of Major Provinces'. In this final form the paper was submitted to AGSO in October 1996. The Curnamona Province (Fig. 1) is a sub-circular feature of outcropping and relatively shallowly buried Proterozoic basement rocks extending from northeastern South Australia into northwestern New South Wales, where it contains the giant Broken Hill lead-zinc-silver orebodies. Rocks of the Curnamona Province in·South Australia are known from exposures in the Willyama, Mt Painter and Mt Babbage Inliers, and in drillholes in the Benagerie Ridge area (Fig. 2). The extent of the Curnamona Province is most easily delineated from aeromagnetic data, which show it as completely fringed by younger mobile belts. The geographic name was first applied (as Curnamona Cratonic Nucleus) by Thomson (1970) for the central portion of this province, which he recognised as being of cratonic character during the Cambro-Ordovician Delamerian Orogeny. With subsequent drilling it became clear that this central region had been cratonic even earlier: not only are the relatively thin Adelaidean and Cambrian cover sequencesu ndeformed, but also a suite of underlying Mesoproterozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks . lacks evidence of significant tectonism or metamorphism. The term was abbreviated to Curnamona Craton by Flint (1993) but, by then, available aeromagnetic imagery pointed to the tectonic integrity of the whole province. The term was thus extended to cover the entire areomagnetically defined zone (Fig. 1), which clearly takes in outcropping pre-Adelaidean basement rocks in the Mt Painter, Mt Babbage, and Willyarna Inliers as well as the cratonic nucleus. These inliers have long been known to have been affected by the Delamerian Orogeny and hence cannot be considered cratonic. The non-genetic term 'Curnamona Province' was therefore proposed for the entire region of pre­ Adelaidean rocks. In South Australia the Province is notable for hosting widespread metallic mineralisation particularly copper, uranium and gold but large-scale production has been limited to the Radium Hill uranium mine. Several significant uranium and copper resources have been found in the Willyama and Mt Painter Inliers but exploration has been modest compared to the Broken Hill region and similar provinces elsewhere. Younger sedimentary cover over the centre of the province as well as the fringes of the Willyama Inliers has hampered exploration. To revitalise exploration in the province, Mines and Energy South Australia (MESA), New South Wales Department of Mineral Resources (NSWDMR) and the Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO) are collaborating in a major program of new data acquisition and interpretation over the Province - the Broken Hill Exploration Initiative. Major components of the program in South Australia include high resolution airborne magnetic and radiometric surveys, gravity surveys, GIS compilations and geological mapping and interpretation. All mapping available to 1993 was compiled and interpreted by Consultant W.P. Laing, and detailed geological mapping by MESA commenced in 1995. The Willyama Inliers in South Australia have previously had only regional 1:250 000 scale mapping coverage published. However, limited areas have detailed company and university mapping, in particular the honours student mapping programs of the Universities of New England and Melbourne (central and northern Olary Domain, commenced in 1990) and Flinders University (Weekeroo and Outalpa Inliers, commenced in the early 1970s). In addition New England and Melbourne Universities have undertaken detailed studies of geochronology, geochemistry, mineralogy and metallogenesis in the Olary Domain.